1. What is power sharing?
Answer: Power sharing refers to the distribution of powers and responsibilities among different organs of the government, different levels of government, and different social groups.
2. Name one country that follows a federal system of power sharing.
Answer: India (or any other country that follows a federal system, such as the United States, Canada, or Australia).
3. Who holds the power in a unitary system of government?
Answer: In a unitary system of government, the power is concentrated at the central level, and the central government holds most of the power.
4. What is the main objective of power sharing in a democracy?
Answer: The main objective of power sharing in a democracy is to ensure that no single individual or group becomes too powerful and that power is distributed among different organs of the government and social groups.
5. Name the three organs of the government in India.
Answer: The three organs of the government in India are the Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary.
6. Which type of power sharing is followed in India?
Answer: India follows the system of power sharing known as federalism, where power is divided between the central government and the state governments.
7. Name the political parties that practice power sharing in India.
Answer: Various political parties practice power sharing in India, such as the Indian National Congress (INC), Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Communist Party of India (CPI), etc.
8. What is meant by horizontal division of power?
Answer: Horizontal division of power refers to the separation of powers among the three organs of the government - Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary - to ensure a system of checks and balances.
9. Explain the concept of social division.
Answer: Social division refers to the divisions in society based on factors such as religion, language, caste, ethnicity, etc., which can influence power sharing arrangements.
10. Who exercises the power in a dictatorship?
Answer: In a dictatorship, power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, such as a dictator or military junta.
11. What is the significance of power sharing in a diverse country like India?
Answer: Power sharing is significant in a diverse country like India as it helps to accommodate the diverse interests, aspirations, and identities of different regions, communities, and social groups.
12. Name the two types of government mentioned in the chapter.
Answer: The two types of government mentioned in the chapter are democratic and non-democratic.
13. Who exercises power in an authoritarian regime?
Answer: In an authoritarian regime, power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, and they exercise control without the consent of the people.
14. What is the role of the judiciary in power-sharing?
Answer: The judiciary acts as an independent and impartial arbiter in power sharing. It interprets the laws, resolves conflicts, and protects the rights and freedoms of individuals.
15. What is the main challenge of power sharing?
Answer: The main challenge of power sharing is to strike a balance between ensuring that power is shared among different groups and avoiding the tyranny of the majority.
16. Which level of government is responsible for issues like defense and foreign affairs in India?
Answer: The central government in India is responsible for issues like defense and foreign affairs.
17. What is the importance of decentralization in power-sharing?
Answer: Decentralization in power-sharing ensures that power is distributed to lower levels of government, allowing for more effective governance and participation of local communities.
18. Name one way in which social divisions can be avoided.
Answer: One way to avoid social divisions is through inclusive policies that promote equality, social justice, and respect for diversity.
19. What is the significance of power sharing in promoting democracy?
Answer: Power sharing is crucial for promoting democracy as it ensures that power is not concentrated in the hands of a few, but shared among different organs of the government and social groups.
20. What is the main difference between a federal and a unitary system of government?
Answer: The main difference between a federal and a unitary system of government is the distribution of power. In a federal system, power is divided between the central and state governments, while in a unitary system, power is concentrated at the central level.
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